The class teacher asked all 20 students in Class 3-A, "What is your favourite fruit?" Some said mango, some said banana, some said apple, and some said guava.
The teacher wrote down all the answers. This collection of information is called data.
But looking at a long list is confusing! So the teacher organised the data using a tally chart and a pictograph to make it easy to understand.
Data is a collection of information. It can be numbers, names, or facts that we gather by asking questions, counting, or observing.
Examples of data: the number of students absent each day, the favourite colour of your classmates, the number of trees in your school garden.
What are Tally Marks?
Tally marks are a quick way to count things. We draw one short vertical line for each item we count.
For every fifth item, we draw a line across the four lines. This makes a group of 5, which is easy to count.
| Count | Tally Marks |
|---|---|
| 1 | | |
| 2 | | | |
| 3 | | | | |
| 4 | | | | | |
| 5 | | | | | with a cross line (one bundle) |
| 7 | one bundle + | | |
How to Draw Tally Marks
Step 1: Draw one line for each item you count (up to 4).
Step 2: For the 5th item, draw a diagonal or horizontal line across the 4 lines to make a bundle.
Step 3: Start a new group for the next items.
Here is a tally chart showing the favourite fruits of 20 students:
| Fruit | Tally Marks | Number of Students |
|---|---|---|
| Mango | | | | | with cross + | | | | 8 |
| Banana | | | | | | 4 |
| Apple | | | | | with cross | 5 |
| Guava | | | | | 3 |
From this chart we can quickly see that mango is the most popular fruit and guava is the least popular.
A pictograph uses small pictures to show data. Each picture stands for a certain number of items.
Here is a pictograph of the same fruit data (1 picture = 1 student):
| Fruit | Pictures | Count |
|---|---|---|
| Mango | * * * * * * * * | 8 |
| Banana | * * * * | 4 |
| Apple | * * * * * | 5 |
| Guava | * * * | 3 |
Each * stands for 1 student. Just count the pictures to find the number!
Show 13 using tally marks.
13 = 2 bundles of 5 + 3 extra lines. So we draw: two bundles and | | |.
A tally chart shows: Cricket = 2 bundles + 1 line, Football = 1 bundle + 3 lines, Kabaddi = 1 bundle + 1 line.
Cricket = 11, Football = 8, Kabaddi = 6. Cricket is the most popular sport.
A pictograph shows books read by students. Each picture = 1 book. Anu has 6 pictures, Raj has 4 pictures, Meera has 7 pictures.
Meera read the most books (7). Raj read the fewest books (4). Total books = 6 + 4 + 7 = 17.
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Data | A collection of information (numbers or facts) |
| Tally marks | Short lines used to count; every 5th line crosses the other four |
| Tally chart | A table that uses tally marks to show data |
| Pictograph | A chart that uses pictures to show data |
Classroom Survey: Ask 15 classmates: "What is your favourite snack -- Samosa, Idli, Paratha, or Poha?" Record their answers using tally marks in the chart below.
| Snack | Tally Marks | Number |
|---|---|---|
| Samosa | ||
| Idli | ||
| Paratha | ||
| Poha |
Which snack is the most popular? __________________ Which is the least popular? __________________
Want to use this as a worksheet? Switch to the A4 printable view.
The class teacher asked all 20 students in Class 3-A, "What is your favourite fruit?" Some said mango, some said banana, some said apple, and some said guava.
The teacher wrote down all the answers. This collection of information is called data.
But looking at a long list is confusing! So the teacher organised the data using a tally chart and a pictograph to make it easy to understand.
Data is a collection of information. It can be numbers, names, or facts that we gather by asking questions, counting, or observing.
Examples of data: the number of students absent each day, the favourite colour of your classmates, the number of trees in your school garden.
Think about it: If you ask 10 friends their favourite sport, the answers you collect are data!
What are Tally Marks?
Tally marks are a quick way to count things. We draw one short vertical line for each item we count.
For every fifth item, we draw a line across the four lines. This makes a group of 5, which is easy to count.
| Count | Tally Marks |
|---|---|
| 1 | | |
| 2 | | | |
| 3 | | | | |
| 4 | | | | | |
| 5 | | | | | with a cross line (one bundle) |
| 7 | one bundle + | | |
How to Draw Tally Marks
Step 1: Draw one line for each item you count (up to 4).
Step 2: For the 5th item, draw a diagonal or horizontal line across the 4 lines to make a bundle.
Step 3: Start a new group for the next items.
Think about it: If you see 3 bundles and 2 extra lines, how many items is that? 3 × 5 + 2 = 17!
Here is a tally chart showing the favourite fruits of 20 students:
| Fruit | Tally Marks | Number of Students |
|---|---|---|
| Mango | | | | | with cross + | | | | 8 |
| Banana | | | | | | 4 |
| Apple | | | | | with cross | 5 |
| Guava | | | | | 3 |
From this chart we can quickly see that mango is the most popular fruit and guava is the least popular.
A pictograph uses small pictures to show data. Each picture stands for a certain number of items.
Here is a pictograph of the same fruit data (1 picture = 1 student):
| Fruit | Pictures | Count |
|---|---|---|
| Mango | * * * * * * * * | 8 |
| Banana | * * * * | 4 |
| Apple | * * * * * | 5 |
| Guava | * * * | 3 |
Each * stands for 1 student. Just count the pictures to find the number!
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Data | A collection of information (numbers or facts) |
| Tally marks | Short lines used to count; every 5th line crosses the other four |
| Tally chart | A table that uses tally marks to show data |
| Pictograph | A chart that uses pictures to show data |
Show 13 using tally marks.
13 = 2 bundles of 5 + 3 extra lines. So we draw: two bundles and | | |.
A tally chart shows: Cricket = 2 bundles + 1 line, Football = 1 bundle + 3 lines, Kabaddi = 1 bundle + 1 line.
Cricket = 11, Football = 8, Kabaddi = 6. Cricket is the most popular sport.
A pictograph shows books read by students. Each picture = 1 book. Anu has 6 pictures, Raj has 4 pictures, Meera has 7 pictures.
Meera read the most books (7). Raj read the fewest books (4). Total books = 6 + 4 + 7 = 17.
A. Fill in the Blanks
B. Multiple Choice Questions
C. Read the Tally Chart and Answer
The chart below shows the favourite colours of students in Class 3-B:
| Colour | Tally Marks | Number |
|---|---|---|
| Red | | | | | with cross + | | | |
| Blue | | | | | with cross + | | | | | |
| Green | | | | | | |
| Yellow | | | | |
D. Short Answer
Classroom Survey: Ask 15 classmates: "What is your favourite snack -- Samosa, Idli, Paratha, or Poha?" Record their answers using tally marks in the chart below.
| Snack | Tally Marks | Number |
|---|---|---|
| Samosa | ||
| Idli | ||
| Paratha | ||
| Poha |
Which snack is the most popular? __________________ Which is the least popular? __________________