Maths

Multiplication

Class 3

🎯 Learning Objectives

📖 Let Us Begin!

Imagine you have 3 plates. Each plate has 4 biscuits. How many biscuits do you have in all?

You could add: 4 + 4 + 4 = 12. But there is a faster way!

We say: 3 groups of 4 = 3 x 4 = 12. This is called multiplication.

Multiplication is just a quick way of adding the same number again and again.

Understanding Multiplication

What does "x" mean?

The sign "x" means "times" or "groups of".

3 x 5 means "3 groups of 5" = 5 + 5 + 5 = 15.

Think about it: If you have 5 bags and each bag has 2 apples, how many apples are there? 5 x 2 = 10!

Parts of a Multiplication Sum

In 4 x 6 = 24:

Important Rules

Multiplication as Repeated Addition

MultiplicationRepeated AdditionAnswer
2 x 44 + 48
3 x 55 + 5 + 515
4 x 33 + 3 + 3 + 312
5 x 66 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 630

Examples

Example
Example 1: Simple Multiplication

Riya has 6 boxes of crayons. Each box has 4 crayons. How many crayons does she have?

6 x 4 = 24. Riya has 24 crayons.

Example
Example 2: Using Repeated Addition

Write 4 x 7 as repeated addition and find the answer.

4 x 7 = 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 = 28.

Example
Example 3: Word Problem

A farmer plants 5 seeds in each row. He has 8 rows. How many seeds?

5 x 8 = 40 seeds.

📝 Key Words

WordMeaning
MultiplyTo add a number to itself a certain number of times
FactorThe numbers we multiply together
ProductThe answer we get after multiplying
TimesAnother word for multiply (x)
⭐ Key Points to Remember

✏️ Practice Questions

A. Write as Multiplication and Find the Answer
1. 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = x =
2. 6 + 6 + 6 = x =
3. 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 = x =
B. Fill in the Blanks
1. 5 x 6 =
2. Multiplication is a quick way of .
3. In 7 x 3 = 21, the product is .
4. 8 x = 0
5. Any number multiplied by stays the same.
C. Multiple Choice Questions
1. What is 4 x 7?
(a) 21(b) 24(c) 28(d) 32
2. Which means the same as 3 x 6?
(a) 3 + 6(b) 6 + 6 + 6(c) 3 + 3(d) 6 - 3
3. 6 x 1 = ?
(a) 0(b) 7(c) 6(d) 1
D. Word Problems
1. A shop sells 5 packets of pencils. Each packet has 8 pencils. How many pencils are there?
2. Write 6 x 9 as repeated addition and find the answer.
🎨 Think and Do -- Fun Activity

Groups Around You: Look around your home. Find 5 things that come in groups. Write a multiplication sentence for each.

Example: 3 chairs, each has 4 legs. 3 x 4 = 12 legs.

1. _______________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________

4. _______________________________________________

5. _______________________________________________

Want to use this as a worksheet? Switch to the A4 printable view.

Mathematics -- Class 3

Topic: Introduction to Multiplication
Name: ____________________________Class: 3Date: ________________
Learning Objectives
Let Us Begin!

Imagine you have 3 plates. Each plate has 4 biscuits. How many biscuits do you have in all?

You could add: 4 + 4 + 4 = 12. But there is a faster way!

We say: 3 groups of 4 = 3 x 4 = 12. This is called multiplication.

Multiplication is just a quick way of adding the same number again and again.

Understanding Multiplication

What does "x" mean?

The sign "x" means "times" or "groups of".

3 x 5 means "3 groups of 5" = 5 + 5 + 5 = 15.

Think about it: If you have 5 bags and each bag has 2 apples, how many apples are there? 5 x 2 = 10!

Parts of a Multiplication Sum

In 4 x 6 = 24:

Important Rules

Multiplication as Repeated Addition

MultiplicationRepeated AdditionAnswer
2 x 44 + 48
3 x 55 + 5 + 515
4 x 33 + 3 + 3 + 312
5 x 66 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 630
Key Words and Meanings
WordMeaning
MultiplyTo add a number to itself a certain number of times
FactorThe numbers we multiply together
ProductThe answer we get after multiplying
TimesAnother word for multiply (x)

Mathematics -- Class 3 (continued)

Topic: Multiplication -- Examples and Practice
Examples
Example 1: Simple Multiplication

Riya has 6 boxes of crayons. Each box has 4 crayons. How many crayons does she have?

6 x 4 = 24. Riya has 24 crayons.

Example 2: Using Repeated Addition

Write 4 x 7 as repeated addition and find the answer.

4 x 7 = 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 = 28.

Example 3: Word Problem

A farmer plants 5 seeds in each row. He has 8 rows. How many seeds?

5 x 8 = 40 seeds.

Key Points to Remember
Practice Questions

A. Write as Multiplication and Find the Answer

  1. 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = x =
  2. 6 + 6 + 6 = x =
  3. 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 = x =

B. Fill in the Blanks

  1. 5 x 6 =
  2. Multiplication is a quick way of .
  3. In 7 x 3 = 21, the product is .
  4. 8 x = 0
  5. Any number multiplied by stays the same.

C. Multiple Choice Questions

  1. What is 4 x 7?
    (a) 21(b) 24(c) 28(d) 32
  2. Which means the same as 3 x 6?
    (a) 3 + 6(b) 6 + 6 + 6(c) 3 + 3(d) 6 - 3
  3. 6 x 1 = ?
    (a) 0(b) 7(c) 6(d) 1

D. Word Problems

  1. A shop sells 5 packets of pencils. Each packet has 8 pencils. How many pencils are there?
  2. Write 6 x 9 as repeated addition and find the answer.
Think and Do -- Fun Activity

Groups Around You: Look around your home. Find 5 things that come in groups. Write a multiplication sentence for each.

Example: 3 chairs, each has 4 legs. 3 x 4 = 12 legs.

1. _______________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________

4. _______________________________________________

5. _______________________________________________